Initially drawn to the academic and research side of medicine, Dr Bhana could not imagine herself in clinical work. That changed during internship. Despite warnings that surgery would be gruelling, she found a field that matched the way she thinks: assess the problem, plan a solution, act decisively and help the patient recover. The hands-on nature of the work made everything fall into place.

After being captivated by the speed and adrenaline of trauma surgery, Dr Bhana was drawn to the deeper planning and technical precision of HPB procedures involving the liver, pancreas, gallbladder and bile ducts. These complex operations demand detailed anatomical knowledge, meticulous preparation and sustained concentration. For her, that difficulty is precisely part of the appeal.

One patient remains unforgettable: the first person on whom Dr Bhana performed a Whipple procedure independently during her fellowship. The six-to-eight-hour operation for pancreatic cancer involves removing several structures and performing a complex reconstruction. Guiding that patient from diagnosis through surgery, recovery and discharge marked the moment she felt she had achieved a long-held professional goal.

Long operations require both physical fitness and an extraordinary ability to focus. Dr Bhana explains that when a life is in her hands, the patient on the table becomes the only priority. Yet she does not see emotional investment as a weakness. Caring deeply must be balanced with clear decision-making, perspective, trusted colleagues, opportunities to debrief and a life beyond medicine.

The conversation offers an important health message for women. Dr Bhana discusses women’s greater susceptibility to gallstones and certain liver adenomas, and cautions against dismissing persistent upper or right-sided abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting. Her message is simple: listen to your body, seek medical advice and do not ignore symptoms that continue.

Although more women are entering surgery, Dr Bhana is candid about the structural obstacles that remain. Training, on-call duties and unpredictable operations do not fit neatly around family responsibilities, while extreme fatigue can become unsafe for clinicians and patients alike. Flexible programmes are emerging, but the challenge is to create sustainable pathways without depriving trainees of essential experience.

For Dr Bhana, gender equality is about more than equal numbers. It means a workplace where gender does not limit opportunity or diminish the value placed on someone’s contribution. Seeing women perform complex surgery, lead professional bodies and speak on international platforms can expand other women’s sense of what is possible. Opportunity should be open to all, with achievement grounded in skill and merit.

Mentors played a decisive part in Dr Bhana becoming an HPB surgeon. To her, mentorship goes far beyond teaching technique: it is having someone who believes in you, helps you navigate difficult decisions and encourages you to pursue opportunities you may not recognise in yourself. Her involvement in teaching, the European-African Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association and the HPB Insights podcast allows her to pass that support forward while connecting with a wider international community.

Establishing her own practice at Mediclinic Limpopo has given Dr Bhana the opportunity to shape care around meticulous preparation, continuity and individual attention rather than volume. It also brings scarce specialist services closer to patients who previously had to travel to Johannesburg or Pretoria, allowing them to remain nearer to the families and support networks that matter during treatment.

Dr Bhana credits a supportive family, inspiring women, hard work and the freedom to follow what she loves. Her closing message to girls and young women is to take opportunities, resist other people’s limitations and define success on their own terms. A meaningful life can hold ambition and personal fulfilment together and when no one like you is visible in the room, sometimes the task is to become the first and open the door for those who follow.

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When the Speciality Chooses You

Dr Ford says she always wanted to be a doctor. Early encounters with serious illness; her own childhood medical emergency and her younger brother’s recovery from multi-organ failure and a stroke, gave that ambition a deeply personal foundation. Her fascination with the brain and nervous system began early, and by Grade 9 she was already imagining the seemingly impossible. In her words, neurosurgery ultimately “chose” her.

Where Millimetres Matter

Neurosurgery demands extraordinary accuracy: a deviation of one or two millimetres can have catastrophic consequences. Dr Ford explains how magnifying loupes, microscopes, careful positioning and steady hands support delicate brain procedures, while spinal surgery calls for a different kind of physical endurance. Across both, technical excellence must be matched by calm judgement and an acute awareness of what is at stake.

“Time Is Brain”

Working in high-volume public hospitals exposed Dr Ford to severe trauma and unforgettable emergencies, such as men walking into casualty with bottles in their heads or knives in their necks. She describes the urgency of treating brain bleeds, where every delay can worsen the outcome, and recalls an 89-year-old patient who survived after an emergency procedure and still returns to visit her. These cases capture the intensity of the field, and the profound reward of seeing a patient walk out of hospital when there was once very little hope.

Patients Are Never Just Numbers

For Dr Ford, medicine is as much about connection as intervention. She speaks movingly about a young patient whom she operated on three times, making sure the child, not only her parents, understood what was happening. Their continuing bond reflects her belief that good care means walking a path with patients and families, including through the uncertainty and grief that can accompany brain tumours.

A Female Lens on Neurological Health

The interview highlights neurological conditions that may affect women differently or more frequently, including meningiomas, aneurysms, carpal tunnel syndrome, prolactinomas and benign intracranial hypertension. Dr Ford encourages women to pay attention to new or unexplained symptoms such as changes in smell or vision and severe pressure headaches, while stressing that symptoms and treatment depend on the individual and the location of the condition.

Women in a Demanding Surgical World

Neurosurgery is becoming more inclusive, but its long hours and relentless demands still create particular pressures for women balancing professional and family responsibilities. Dr Ford reflects on entering a field with very few female specialists and seeing more women now qualify each year. She also argues that women bring valuable dimensions to medicine, including empathy, communication and a willingness to sit with patients through difficult moments.

Success Is Built on Support

Behind Dr Ford’s achievements is a strong network: a supportive partner, a close-knit family, faith, mentors and accomplished women who model purposeful lives. She protects her own balance through exercise, singing in a community choir and making room for interests beyond medicine. Her experience in private practice has also required her to learn new skill sets of leadership, finance and business management, without losing the compassionate heart of a doctor.

A Message to the Next Generation

The conversation closes with a simple, powerful message: do not give up. Dr Ford was not accepted into medicine in the first round, but she kept applying, kept working and stayed true to the career she wanted. For girls considering science, medicine or surgery, her advice is to choose subjects carefully, pursue excellence, seek practical exposure and work hard. Passion may open the door, but perseverance carries you through it.

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Where Art Becomes Memory

Dr Bello traces her artistic journey back to a childhood shaped by communal rituals, performance and cultural festivals. For her, drumming, dance and theatre were never simply entertainment; they were the ways communities remembered their histories, negotiated power and transmitted identity across generations. This early immersion in living culture shaped her path through the humanities, theatre arts and music education.

Culture, Gender and the Politics of Exclusion

A central theme in the conversation is how culture can both sustain communities and reproduce gendered barriers. Dr Bello explains how indigenous drumming traditions have often excluded women through spiritual and ritual explanations, positioning men as custodians of authority while women are expected to sing, clap or dance in support. Her research asks what happens when women refuse the margins and claim the master drum as a space of leadership.

The Resilience of Female Master Drummers

Rather than confront tradition only through open resistance, the female master drummers Dr Bello studies use discipline, excellence and presence as strategy. They practise extensively, outplay expectations, draw on family and community networks, and enter spaces where their skill can no longer be denied. One insight from the interview is that cultural expectations shift not only when someone shouts the loudest, but when someone refuses to disappear.

Arts as Social Change, Healing and Peacebuilding

Dr Bello argues that the arts become transformative when they function as mirrors, memories, mediators and foundations for development. She reflects on decolonial practice as the reclamation of indigenous forms, on performance as a peacebuilding space where rival groups can share rhythm before agreement, and on culture as a basis for sustainability. In her view, when culture dies, something vital in the community dies with it.

Navigating Academia as a Woman

The conversation also turns to Dr Bello’s own experiences in academia, where she worked for many years as the only woman in her department. She speaks candidly about the quieter forms of bias women can face: having to prove they were not favoured, encountering sarcasm about their achievements, and navigating delays or resistance in professional progression. Her response has been to let the quality of her work speak, to outperform her own previous standards, and to draw strength from supportive male colleagues who understand her vision.

Education, Opportunity and Confidence

Education has been a defining force in Dr Bello’s life. Coming from a family where her father ensured that his six daughters had educational opportunities, she used schooling as a foundation for intellectual confidence and professional growth. Fellowships such as the ACLS African Humanities Program and the SSRC Africa Peacebuilding Network expanded her research, helping her move from viewing culture as a subject of study to understanding it as an instrument for policy, conflict transformation and social imagination.

Girls’ Education and Breaking Cycles of Poverty

Reflecting on Ghana, Dr Bello notes that access to schooling has improved, but completion remains a crucial challenge for girls, especially in rural and poorer communities. Financial pressure, pregnancy and early marriage can interrupt education, yet she also sees signs of transformation as women and families increasingly understand education as a deliberate mechanism for breaking cycles of poverty. Educated girls and women create ripple effects that strengthen families, communities and future generations.

Women Who Opened the Way

Dr Bello honours the women who shaped her path, beginning with her mother, whose academic excellence inspired her own ambition. She also credits influential teachers who nurtured her love of English, literature and the arts, as well as the late Antoinette, the female master drummer whose presence at university helped open an entirely new research direction. Their example has inspired Dr Bello to become a support system for younger women building their own creative and academic journeys.

A Message to Girls and Women

The interview closes with a strong reminder that every girl and woman has the right to be the main star of her own story. Dr Bello encourages young women to trust their instincts, be disciplined, build meaningful networks and refuse to let others define the limits of their lives. Through learning, creating and questioning, women generate impact that extends beyond themselves into their families, communities and the continent.

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From Classroom Teacher to Social Activist

Prof Adler reflects on the formative experiences that shaped her early commitment to education and social good. A year in the United States during the Vietnam War and student protest movements changed how she understood politics, race and justice. Returning to South Africa, during her university vacations, she became involved in voluntary service work in rural communities, building schools and clinics and beginning what she describes as a life of social activism.

Breaking Barriers in Mathematics Education

Her career unfolded in a landscape marked by apartheid, gender inequality and entrenched assumptions about what counted as serious academic work. As a woman mathematics educator working in a science faculty, she had to challenge scepticism about education as a research field. One defining moment came when she applied for a professorship to develop mathematics education at Wits, deciding that she was “as good as these guys” and stepping into a role that would help build the field.

Creating Pathways for the Teachers We Have

A prominent theme in the conversation is Prof Adler’s insistence that systems must respond to real people and real conditions. She describes establishing a new honours programme for mathematics teachers who had come through colleges of education and needed a different route into postgraduate study. Her goal was not to design for an idealised system, but to develop leadership among the teachers already working in South African schools.

Maths Is for Everyone

Speaking to stereotypes that discourage girls from seeing themselves as mathematicians, scientists or engineers, Prof Adler argues that the problem begins with wider perceptions of mathematics itself. Mathematics is abstract, but it is not a closed world reserved for a few. It can and should be made meaningful for all learners through better teaching, richer classroom activity and a shift away from memorising rules towards understanding mathematics as a way of thinking, proving and acting.

Opening Doors for Girls in STEM

Prof Adler acknowledges that gendered barriers remain, where women still encounter invisible ceilings. Yet she also offers an encouraging message: mathematics opens doors. For girls who enjoy mathematics, she urges them to push further, ignore limiting noise and recognise that strong mathematical capability can create opportunities not only for themselves, but for others who follow.

Language as a Resource, Not a Problem

One of the most compelling sections explores Prof Adler’s influential work on teaching mathematics in multilingual classrooms. Her research challenged deficit views of bilingual learners and showed that the languages learners bring are resources for learning. Teachers constantly manage tensions between English, home languages, everyday experience and the specialised language of mathematics. The challenge is not multilingualism itself, but how language is harnessed to make mathematical meaning accessible.

Building Bridges Between South Africa and the World

Prof Adler’s career also demonstrates the importance of intellectual exchange between the Global South and Global North. Through her joint appointment with King’s College London and her leadership in international mathematics education, she worked to ensure that South African research entered global conversations on its own terms. She argues for bidirectionality: knowledge should not simply flow from North to South, but should move both ways, shaped by the realities and insights of different contexts.

Recognition That Changed a Field

Her A-rating from the National Research Foundation was personally meaningful, but Prof Adler frames it as something larger than individual recognition. Becoming the first A-rated researcher in education in South Africa helped affirm that educational research could meet international standards and make a global contribution. For her, the achievement broke a barrier for the field itself.

Legacy, Mentorship and the Work That Follows

Looking back over 45 years of teaching, research, leadership and mentoring, Prof Adler hopes her legacy is twofold: knowledge and people. She points to the postgraduate students, postdoctoral fellows and colleagues who continue the work, as well as the impact of research on language, resources and teacher professional development. Her story suggests that lasting influence is created not only through ideas, but through the people equipped to carry them forward.

Doing It All, But Not All at Once

The interview also turns to ambition, family and the choices women are often required to make. Prof Adler’s advice is clear and generous: you can do it all, but not all at the same time. She reflects on working part-time while her children were young, sharing priorities with her husband, relying on support networks and making deliberate career choices. Her perspective reframes balance as pacing, selection and recognising that every path has trade-offs.

A Message to Girls and Young Women

The conversation closes with a message of possibility and perseverance: dream big, believe in yourself and act on your ambitions. Prof Adler encourages girls and young women to find mentors, build communities, nurture their networks and do the work. Meaningful careers are not built alone, but through courage, discipline, support and the willingness to keep going.

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Her path into medicine began with curiosity and courage. Growing up in a family where illness was often associated with fear, Dr Sun wanted to understand how modern medicine can treat disease. For her, medicine encompasses the body’s intricate systems, the people it treats, compassion and helping patients overcome uncertainty.

Finding Her Way into Ophthalmology

Although ophthalmology was not a major focus during her medical training, a suggestion from her father helped open the door to the speciality. What began as a recommendation became a field she embraced fully. Dr Sun describes the eye as both a world of its own and a window into the rest of the body, making ophthalmology a discipline that combines medical insight with surgical precision.

The Precision and Impact of Restoring Sight

As a refractive surgeon, Dr Sun works in an area of ophthalmology focused on reducing patients’ dependence on glasses or contact lenses. She explains procedures such as laser vision correction, implantable contact lenses and modern cataract surgery in accessible terms, showing how advances in technology and surgical planning can transform daily life. Cataract surgery, in particular, can restore independence and dignity to patients who may have lost the ability to navigate, groom themselves or recognise their loved ones clearly.

Women in a Specialised Surgical Field

The conversation explores the realities of building a career as a woman in a demanding surgical speciality. Dr Sun reflects on the importance of kindness, encouragement and mentorship, recalling how supportive colleagues helped build her confidence as she learned cataract surgery. She also speaks honestly about pregnancy, motherhood and training, noting that women often have to navigate career milestones alongside family decisions, and that support within the workplace can make a profound difference.

Women’s Eye Health Matters

Applying a gender lens to eye health, Dr Sun highlights conditions that may affect women more frequently, including dry eye linked to hormonal changes, pregnancy-related vision changes and eye complications associated with autoimmune disease. We discuss the relatively low allocation of research funding towards women’s health, which emphasises reproductive health, and we argue that women’s health should not be reduced to reproductive health alone. Greater awareness, advocacy and research funding are needed to understand how different conditions affect women across the whole body.

Building a Practice and a Life with Purpose

Beyond clinical work, Dr Sun is also building her own clinic, a process she describes as humbling, uncertain and outside her comfort zone. Yet it also represents freedom: the freedom to shape patient care, build something of her own and bring her personal vision into practice. Her reflections on balance are grounded in realism rather than perfection. She emphasises organisation, prioritisation and the need for women not to neglect themselves while managing career, family and responsibility.

The conversation closes with a message of resilience and boldness. Dr Sun encourages girls and women to build strong foundations, especially in maths and science if they are considering medicine, but also to remember that they do not need to have their whole lives figured out early. Her advice is to find your “why”, keep going when the path becomes difficult, appreciate the journey and be audacious enough to ask for what you want, because the worst answer is simply no.

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