LEO Radio Podcast

Episode 35: Tactical Calm-Using Breath and Mindfulness to Improve First Responders

LEO Radio Podcast — Fri, 17 Jul 2026 12:56:52 -0400

It's 3am, and you're on duty. Suddenly, you're thrust into a dynamic situation; one that may be life or death. Your equipment is ready, your training has prepared you to respond. But what about your nervous system? Will you be able to mentally handle the immediate challenge? And will you be prepared to handle what comes next? In this episode, Jim talks with Jennifer Schwester of jennyzenyoga.com. Jennifer is a yoga instructor, and the spouse and mother of emergency responders. They discuss the stress response, the "why" of how your body responds in a critical situation, and how to get your nervous system to recover after stressful situations, and how to control it before it controls you.

Episode 34: Marijuana and Modern Policing: Developing Defensible Agency Policies

LEO Radio Podcast — Tue, 23 Jun 2026 17:33:33 -0400

The legal landscape surrounding marijuana continues to evolve, creating significant challenges for law enforcement agencies across the United States

Whether your agency is in a state where marijuana remains prohibited or one where recreational cannabis is fully legal, police executives, command staff, policy writers, labor representatives, and risk managers must understand the implications of this rapidly changing area of law.

Episode 33: HOA Enforcement vs. Law Enforcement: Knowing the Difference

LEO Radio Podcast — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 12:30:31 -0400

When does a neighborhood problem become a police matter—and when is it simply an HOA enforcement issue? In this episode of LEORadio, I sit down with Mike Polulak of Polulak Law to discuss some of the most common community association and HOA-related issues that frequently generate calls for police service. Drawing from real-world examples, we explore the challenges faced by law enforcement officers, HOA boards, property managers, and residents when dealing with disputes involving parking, traffic concerns, common-area use, trespassing complaints, illegal dumping, pool rule violations, after-hours swimming, alcohol use in restricted areas, and residents who refuse to comply with community rules.

SCOTUS decides the officer had Reasonable Suspicion in DC v RW! Suppression is REVERSED!

LEO Radio Podcast — Sun, 10 May 2026 14:27:51 -0400

SCOTUS reversed the DC Appellate court ruling that they had ignored specific facts when determining if an officer had Reasonable Articulable Suspicion. They identified four specific factors that, when taken together, created (RAS): (1) the officer had received a radio dispatch call regarding a suspicious vehicle at a specified address, (2) the officer saw “‘two persons fleeing from a vehicle’” upon his arrival, (3) “‘[i]t was almost 2 a.m.,’” and (4) as the officer approached the car, it began “‘backing out of the parking space . . . while the rear driver’s side door [was] still open. The Court’s main point was that while any one of these might be "innocent" on its own, their simultaneous occurrence made the stop legal. NEW JERSEY OFFICERS: Do not forget that in NJ v Tucker, the NJ Supreme Court ruled that unprovoked flight ALONE does not constitute RAS for a stop. MANY NJ cases state that flight - coupled with other circumstances - may be considered as part of the totality of the circumstances when deciding if the police have enough RAS to detain an individual. This is a great example of specific points we need to include when articulating the additional factors that we need to articulate in our reports. From the case: "Reasonable suspicion arises when, based on the “‘totality of the circumstances,’” the detaining officer had a “‘particularized and objective basis’” for suspecting criminal wrongdoing. Reasonable suspicion depends on the factual and practical considerations of everyday life on which reasonable and prudent men, not legal technicians, act. It permits officers to make commonsense judgments and inferences about human behavior. Kansas v. Glover, 589 U. S. 376, 380 (2020)" After watching two people flee from a suspicious car, a reasonable officer would certainly question the driver’s next move. Reasonable suspicion need not rule out the possibility of innocent conduct. Based on everything the officer observed on the night in question, he drew the “commonsense inference” that all three people in the car—including the driver—were trying to hide wrongdoing from the police. TOTALITY OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES REQUIRES COURTS TO CONSIDER ‘THE WHOLE PICTURE. SUPPRESSION IS REVERSED.

How do you define Probable Cause? Are officers ready to give an answer on the stand under pressure?

LEO Radio Podcast — Fri, 01 May 2026 10:47:19 -0400

Can you clearly define probable cause—on the stand, without warning? Your ability to articulate it can directly impact your credibility in court. In this clip, Instructor Lt. Joey Sperlazza breaks down what probable cause means and how to confidently testify to it during the 2026 Legal Update Class. Be prepared before you’re put on the spot. Scan the QR code in the video or visit jharristraining.com to register TODAY.

NJ Law Enforcement Officer Protection Act Explained | Police ID, Masks, and Public Contact Rules

LEO Radio Podcast — Mon, 30 Mar 2026 16:01:56 -0400

New Jersey’s Law Enforcement Officer Protection Act, effective March 25, 2026, creates new rules regarding police officer identification, face coverings, and public interactions during official duties. In this video, we break down what the new law means for law enforcement officers, police supervisors, and agencies across New Jersey. This overview explains the law’s general prohibition on officers wearing a mask or disguise while interacting with the public, unless a specific exception applies. It also covers the requirement for officers to provide sufficient identification before detaining or arresting an individual, including when identification may be provided through a uniform, badge, department-issued ID, or verbal identification. We also review important exceptions involving undercover assignments, tactical operations, officer safety concerns, authorized investigations, plainclothes officers, and urgent public safety situations. This is a practical training update designed to help officers, supervisors, and command staff understand the real-world impact of this new New Jersey law enforcement legislation. This video is helpful for: New Jersey police officers, sergeants, lieutenants, command staff, law enforcement trainers, police supervisors, academy instructors, and agencies reviewing policy or roll call training updates. Topics Covered: New Jersey Law Enforcement Officer Protection Act NJ police mask law police officer identification requirements plainclothes officer identification law enforcement legal update 2026 New Jersey policing law changes supervisor roll call training police policy update officer safety and identification undercover and tactical exceptions

Newark NJ Police Apprehend an Armed Felon in State v Arrington (J. Harris Training Classroom Clip)

LEO Radio Podcast — Thu, 26 Feb 2026 23:12:44 -0500

Join J. Harris Academy of Police Training Instructor Joey Sperlazza as he breaks down key case law all officers need to know in this clip from our 2026 Legal Update class. In the State of New Jersey v Khaleil Arrington, Newark Police Officers did a fantastic job at recognizing, apprehending, and convicting a felon with an illegal handgun. WE APPLAUD YOUR EFFORTS @newarknjdepartmentpublicsa8453 Thank you for keeping our streets safe. STAY SAFE AND SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE! We previously broke this case down on our YouTube Channel. When you subscribe, you will not miss any of these key rulings! As always, the items described in these cases are for information only. Determine how the situation impacts you in your agency and in your state. Follow your state laws, state guidelines, and department policy and address questions to your superiors and legal advisors.

Court Allows Detention Based on Suspicious Behavior | NJ v. Arrington ends in a CONVICTION!

LEO Radio Podcast — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 23:47:46 -0500

When can the police stop someone? Is flight enough? Not according to State v Tucker (136 NJ 158, 1994). But what about when we have flight coupled with other factors? That is exactly what we have here, in the State of New Jersey v KHALIEL ARRINGTON (Appellate Unpublished Opinion, Decided December 29, 2025). Instructor Lt. Joey Sperlazza breaks down the concept of "reasonable suspicion" and how flight, when combined with other factors like nervous behavior and evasiveness, can justify a "terry stop". This analysis provides critical insight for law enforcement on police procedure and proper search and seizure techniques, reinforcing the importance of sound police training based on case law examples. The requirements for a lawful police seizure were met here, and the articulable facts led to the justified detention of Arrington and his ultimate conviction of possessing an illegal handgun. STAY SAFE AND SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE! As always, the items described in these cases are for information only. Determine how the situation impacts you in your agency and in your state. Follow your state laws, state guidelines, and department policy and address questions to your superiors and legal advisors. The full opinion can be read here: https://www.njcourts.gov/system/files/court-opinions/2025/a2570-23.pdf

Court Allows Detention Based on Suspicious Behavior | NJ v. Arrington ends in a CONVICTION!

LEO Radio Podcast — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 23:45:57 -0500

A perfectly executed pretextual stop! Robbery Actor Caught and found Guilty in NJ v Vermilyea!

LEO Radio Podcast — Mon, 15 Dec 2025 18:23:56 -0500

We previously explained why pretextual stops are lawful and remain a legitimate law enforcement technique for identifying and apprehending criminal offenders. Join J. Harris Academy of Police Training instructor Lt. Joey Sperlazza as he analyzes a properly executed pretextual stop in State of New Jersey v. Vermilyea (2024). This breakdown from our Motor Vehicle Masterclass provides a detailed examination of the officers’ decision-making, investigative steps, and arrest process, offering valuable training insight for law enforcement professionals. The video is designed to reinforce lawful procedures and best practices when conducting traffic stops and subsequent investigations in real-world scenarios. STAY SAFE AND SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE! Disclaimer: This material is intended solely for training and educational purposes. It does not constitute legal advice. Officers should always follow their agency’s policies and consult legal advisors or prosecutors for guidance on specific incidents.

The Right Way to Initiate a Motor Vehicle Stop (Officers Get This Wrong) #policetraining

LEO Radio Podcast — Fri, 05 Dec 2025 14:55:00 -0500

How long does it take you to reach the vehicle after initiating a motor vehicle stop? The moment you light up that car, the subjects you’ve seized are already making critical decisions. Are they preparing an assault? Do they have a weapon, and what are they doing with it? Is there contraband they’re trying to hide? Once you initiate the stop, your full attention must be on the people you’re contacting. The quicker you approach, the safer you are—and the more likely you are to catch key indicators of concealed weapons and contraband. Join J. Harris Academy of Police Training Instructor Lt. Joey Sperlazza as he breaks down essential pointers in this clip from the Motor Vehicle Search & Seizure Masterclass. Visit jharristraining.com or scan the QR code in the video to register today.

Are pretext stops legal in New Jersey? What happens to police after an illegal search?

LEO Radio Podcast — Tue, 02 Dec 2025 17:38:49 -0500

In this clip from our Motor Vehicle Search & Seizure Masterclass, Instructor Lt. Joey Sperlazza breaks down the legality of pretextual motor-vehicle stops through the lens of Whren v. United States and State v. Bacome. He also explains how the 14th Amendment, Equal Protection, and 42 U.S.C. § 1983 factor into evaluating an officer’s actions and decision-making in the field. Our training is built around one core principle: do the job the right way — legally, ethically, and professionally. We teach officers how to conduct lawful stops, searches, and seizures, and we reinforce that violating someone’s constitutional rights carries real consequences, including civil exposure and potential loss of qualified immunity. We don’t justify or excuse poor policing — we work to prevent it. Every course we deliver is designed to ensure officers know the law, follow the law, and protect the communities they serve with integrity. Disclaimer: This material is for training and educational purposes only. It is not legal advice. Officers should always follow agency policy and consult their legal advisors or prosecutors/district attorneys for guidance on specific incidents.

Can the police in New Jersey use the odor of burnt marijuana for a DWI Investigation? NJ v J Cooper

LEO Radio Podcast — Mon, 10 Nov 2025 12:13:38 -0500

Can the police in New Jersey use the odor of burnt marijuana for a DWI investigation? A lot has changed since the decriminalization of marijuana in New Jersey under CREMMA. How does this effect DWI Investigations? The court is starting to give us some guidance on this issue. Though this is an unpublished opinion that does not set precedence or hard rules for the future, NJ v Jamie Cooper decided on October 1, 2025 gives us some guidance on this issue. The full opinion can be read here: https://www.njcourts.gov/system/files/court-opinions/2025/a1806-24.pdf STAY SAFE AND SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE! As always, the items described in these cases are for information only. Determine how the situation impacts you in your agency and in your state. Follow your state laws, state guidelines, and department policy and address questions to your superiors and legal advisors.

Can the Police ORDER you to Roll Down your tinted windows? Is this lawful? The court just ruled YES!

LEO Radio Podcast — Tue, 23 Sep 2025 02:05:00 -0400

Can officers order a driver to roll down their tinted windows during a motor vehicle stop? The District of Columbia US Court of Appeals just ruled YES in US v Ronnard Williams, decided on August 25, 2025. Join instructor Lt. Joey Sperlazza as he breaks down this case and key takeaways for officers. For New Jersey, though we do not have a precedential opinion that addresses this exact issue, we can get guidance from In New Jersey, we do not have a precedential opinion that tackles this issue head on, but we do have similar unpublished opinions. The ordering to lower tinted windows was proper in State v M.A. (Appellate - Unpublished, 10/4/2002) and State v Kevin Kelly (Appellate - Unpublished, 11/6/2020). In both cases, the order was related to officer safety and revealed contraband. The issue of tinted windows for officer safety was also addressed in the State of New Jersey v Jaikeem Johnson (Appellate - Unpublished, 4/21/2025), which we previously broke down on this channel: https://youtube.com/shorts/wHXKm0-Mv7I The full ruling can be read here: https://media.cadc.uscourts.gov/opinions/docs/2025/08/23-3044-2132043.pdf STAY SAFE AND SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE! As always, the items described in these cases are for information only. Determine how the situation impacts you in your agency and in your state. Follow your state laws, state guidelines, and department policy and address questions to your superiors and legal advisors.

New Jersey Use of Force Changes you need to know! Every NJ officer needs to watch this!

LEO Radio Podcast — Thu, 18 Sep 2025 14:56:58 -0400

IMPORTANT! The New Jersey Attorney General has modified the Use of Force Police on September 17, 2025. Officers need to review this policy and know the changes that are in effect immediately. Join Instructor Lt. Joey Sperlazza as he breaks down some of the key changes in this brief overview. The full policy has been distributed to all Law Enforcement Executives and can be viewed on the Attorney General's website. Want to learn more on Use of Force? Attend one of our Use of Force classes where we will make every officer prepared to make these critical split-second decisions in the field. Visit jharristraining.com for more information.

What questions can the police ask on a MV Stop? US v Raphael Ross tells us what police can ask!

LEO Radio Podcast — Wed, 27 Aug 2025 23:41:12 -0400

What questions can the police ask on a motor vehicle stop? Can they ask about weapons in the car? Can they ask about drugs in the car? When is the question asked appropriate? Join Instructor Lt. Joey Sperlazza as he breaks down the United States of America v Raphael Ross. This is a 3rd Circuit Court of Appeals PREDEDENTIAL Opinion that was decided on 8/19/2025. The full opinion can be read here: https://www2.ca3.uscourts.gov/opinarch/231631p.pdf STAY SAFE AND SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE! As always, the items described in these cases are for information only. Determine how the situation impacts you in your agency and in your state. Follow your state laws, state guidelines, and department policy and address questions to your superiors and legal advisors.

What questions can the police ask on a MV Stop? US v Raphael Ross tells us what police can ask!

LEO Radio Podcast — Sun, 24 Aug 2025 18:03:00 -0400

Officers watch Arrestee Unlock his Phone and Use the Passcode in NJ v Tyrone Ellison. Is this OK?

LEO Radio Podcast — Thu, 21 Aug 2025 15:36:03 -0400

An officer watches an arrestee unlock his phone to get information off it. The phone is seized, and the officer provides the passcode to the prosecutor's office. A CDW is obtained, and the Prosecutor's Office uses the passcode to discover incriminating evidence. In this Published Appellate Decision, the courts ruled that the officer's actions were proper in the State of New Jersey v Tyrone Ellison. Join Instructor Lt. Joey Sperlazza as he discuses this case in our Roll Call Series. Subscribe for more! The full decision can be read here: https://www.njcourts.gov/system/files/court-opinions/2025/a2905-22.pdf

NJ Supreme Court REVERSES Appellate Decision and SUPPRESSES a Search of a MV in State v Fenimore

LEO Radio Podcast — Fri, 01 Aug 2025 19:32:53 -0400

In New Jersey v Shawn Fenimore, decided on July 30, 2025, the New Jersey Supreme Court reversed the Appellate ruling and suppressed the warrantless search of an automobile under the Motor Vehicle Exception at the State Police Barracks parking lot. Join Instructor Lt. Joey Sperlazza as he breaks down the key points from this case. The full court opinion can be found here: https://www.njcourts.gov/system/files/court-opinions/2025/a_18_24.pdf STAY SAFE AND SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE! As always, the items described in these cases are for information only. Determine how the situation impacts you in your agency and in your state. Follow your state laws, state guidelines, and department policy and address questions to your superiors and legal advisors.

Can Police Still Seek a Consent Search After You Stay Silent in New Jersey?

LEO Radio Podcast — Fri, 06 Jun 2025 15:56:15 -0400

Can police ask for consent to search after someone invokes their right to silence? Join Instructor Lt. Joey Sperlazza as he breaks down the facts and key points argued in this New Jersey Superior Court Appellate PUBLISHED Opinion. The full opinion can be read here: www.njcourts.gov/system/files/court-opinions/2025/a1741-22.pdf

Car Stop for Window Tint Leads to ARREST and 3 Handguns! (NJ v Jaikeem Johnson)

LEO Radio Podcast — Fri, 09 May 2025 16:35:22 -0400

Officers in Elizabeth, NJ see a car with illegal, dark tinted windows. They stop the car, and the three occupants lead the officers on a foot pursuit. Two of the occupants were arrested. An officer then does a protective sweep of the vehicle, discovering 3 handguns. Was this warrantless search proper? Join Instructor Lt. Joey Sperlazza as he breaks down the State of New Jersey v Jaikeem Johnson. This is a Superior Court Appellate UNPUBLISHED Decision. The full ruling can be read here: https://law.justia.com/cases/new-jersey/appellate-division-unpublished/2025/a-3183-22.html STAY SAFE AND SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE! As always, the items described in these cases are for information only. Determine how the situation impacts you in your agency and in your state. Follow your state laws, state guidelines, and department policy and address questions to your superiors and legal advisors.

Car Stop for Window Tint Leads to ARREST and 3 Handguns! (NJ v Jaikeem Johnson)

LEO Radio Podcast — Fri, 09 May 2025 16:33:39 -0400

A new informant gives a tip and police get a CONVICTION (NJ v Orion Byrd)

LEO Radio Podcast — Sun, 04 May 2025 17:26:37 -0400

New confidential informants have NO reliability. How do the police prove that the information is valid and secure convictions? CORROBORATION! Police have to independently corroborate as much of the information as possible to secure convictions. NJ v Orion Byrd is an excellent example of this. Join Instructor Lt. Joey Sperlazza as he breaks down the facts and all of the points argued in this New Jersey Superior Court Appellate UNPUBLISHED Opinion. The full opinion can be read here: https://www.njcourts.gov/system/files/court-opinions/2025/a1665-21.pdf STAY SAFE AND SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE! As always, the items described in these cases are for information only. Determine how the situation impacts you in your agency and in your state. Follow your state laws, state guidelines, and department policy and address questions to your superiors and legal advisors.

No Constitutional Protections in a Foyer? Police seize a gun and the courts say it is OK!

LEO Radio Podcast — Thu, 01 May 2025 16:28:31 -0400

Police in Irvington, NJ respond to a shooting, arrest the shooter, and see a handgun in a foyer to an apartment building. The police go into the foyer and seize the gun. Is this OK? Did the police need a warrant? Join Instructor Lt. Joey Sperlazza as he breaks down the State of New Jersey v Valerio-Guzman. This is a NJ Superior Court Appellate Division UNPUBLISHED opinion. The full ruling can be read here: www.njcourts.gov/system/files/court-opinions/2025/a3453-22.pdf STAY SAFE AND SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE! As always, the items described in these cases are for information only. Determine how the situation impacts you in your agency and in your state. Follow your state laws, state guidelines, and department policy and address questions to your superiors and legal advisors.

Police search a car and find drugs after watching the car for 2 hours. Is that OK? (NJ v Lightsey)

LEO Radio Podcast — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 23:04:43 -0400

Officers in Elizabeth, NJ surveil a car for two hours, observing 3 hand-to-hand narcotics transactions. They then search the car - without a warrant - revealing cocaine and heroin. The trial court said that the search was improper under State of New Jersey v Kyle Smart. The appellate division REVERSED the trial court, saying that this search was PROPER! Join Instructor Lt. Joey Sperlazza as he breaks down the key points and takeaways from the State of New Jersey v Jonathan Lightsey. The full opinion can be read here: https://www.njcourts.gov/system/files/court-opinions/2025/a3780-23.pdf STAY SAFE AND SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE! As always, the items described in these cases are for information only. Determine how the situation impacts you in your agency and in your state. Follow your state laws, state guidelines, and department policy and address questions to your superiors and legal advisors.

Search of a car reveals DRUGS after police surveil the car for 2 hours. Is that OK? (NJ v Lightsey)

LEO Radio Podcast — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 22:21:27 -0400

Police CANNOT ask for Consent if a defendant requests an attorney. (NJ v Amang) #caselaw

LEO Radio Podcast — Wed, 02 Apr 2025 22:42:16 -0400

** Full Breakdown Available on YouTube (@jharrispolicetraining) ** Join J. Harris Academy of Police Training Instructor Lt. Joey Sperlazza as he discusses key takeaways from the State of New Jersey v. Franck Amang. This case is a Published New Jersey Appellate Division Decision decided on March 31, 2025, and creates a new rule for the police. If a defendant is in custody, and he invokes his right to council, the police CANNOT then request a consent to search. The full opinion can be read here: https://www.njcourts.gov/system/files/court-opinions/2025/a3406-22.pdf

Police CANNOT ask for consent after a defendant requests an attorney. #miranda

LEO Radio Podcast — Wed, 02 Apr 2025 21:57:27 -0400

Join J. Harris Academy of Police Training Instructor Lt. Joey Sperlazza as he discusses key takeaways from the State of New Jersey v. Franck Aramang. This case is a Published New Jersey Appellate Division Decision decided on March 31, 2025, and creates a new rule for the police. If a defendant is in custody, and he invokes his right to council, the police CANNOT then request a consent to search. The full opinion can be read here: https://www.njcourts.gov/system/files/court-opinions/2025/a3406-22.pdf

Episode 32: EXPERT ANALYSIS of an Officer Involved Shooting

LEO Radio Podcast — Sun, 02 Mar 2025 22:20:27 -0500

Lieutenant Joey Sperlazza, Ed.S. is joined by J. Harris Academy of Police Training Instructor Lieutenant Collin Congleton, JD in LEO Radio Episode 32. Collin is a subject matter expert in Use of Force. Collin founded and now supervises the Force Investigation Unit for a major urban Police Department in New Jersey, is a United States Marine Corps combat veteran of Operation Iraqi Freedom and a nearly 20 year veteran law enforcement professional. He earned a B.S. in National Security Studies (Summa Cum Laude) from New Jersey City University and a Juris Doctorate from Rutgers School of Law (Newark) where he was awarded the prestigious Judge J. Skelly Wright Prize for work in civil rights. He also completed the Certified Public Manager Program at Rutgers School of Public Affairs and Administration, where his research work on police training reform was nominated for the nationally recognized American Academy of CPM’s Askew Award. Some of his certifications include: FBI certified hostage and crisis negotiator; Force Science Institute certified force analyst; Gracie University certified Instructor of Gracie Survival Tactics (GST) Levels I&II; NJ PTC certified firearms instructor; NJ certified ICAT and ABLE instructor. Collin is also heavily involved in volunteer work supporting veterans and is an avid practitioner of Brazilian Jiujitsu. Full bios for Joey and Collin are available at JharrisTraining.com. Joey and Collin analyze three incidents in this episode of LEO Radio: • NYPD Officer Involved Shooting of Christopher Ferguson: The New York State Attorney General Office of Special Investigation is currently conducting an investigation into the death of Christopher Ferguson who died on December 5, 2024 following an encounter with members of the New York City Police Department (NYPD 77th Precinct) in Brooklyn. OSI has released videos from body-worn cameras that officers were equipped with during the incident and video from a dashboard camera. The full footage is available on the NYC AG website (https://ag.ny.gov/osi/footage/christopher-ferguson) and on the NYPD YouTube channel (https://youtu.be/I1oAPLhD9GU?si=JsdFy0uw8TZNIw-h) • Cranford, NJ Police Officer Involved Shooting of Kevin Harlfinger: According to the preliminary investigation, officers from the Cranford Police Department were pursuing a stolen vehicle when it crashed in the area of a southbound exit on the Garden State Parkway. After the crash, the driver of the vehicle, Mr. Harlfinger, exchanged gunfire with Cranford Police Officers Christopher Folinusz and Ryan McSharry. Mr. Harlfinger was pronounced deceased at the scene at approximately 12:04 a.m., December 29, 2023. A firearm was recovered near Mr. Harlfinger. Officer Folinusz sustained a non-fatal gunshot wound, was treated at a hospital, and later released. The full footage is available on the NJ AG Website: https://njoag.app.box.com/s/q0so00a1u4lbh1x005yy7gch4nuewvf5• Cleveland Police Officer Involved Shooting of Tamir Rice On November 22, 2014, 12-year-old Tamir Rice, an African-American boy, was fatally shot by Cleveland police officer Timothy Loehmann while playing with a toy gun at a recreation center; the incident sparked widespread controversy due to the rapid shooting despite the caller mentioning the gun was likely fake and the victim’s young age, highlighting issues of police brutality and racial profiling within the Black Lives Matter movement. Tamir Rice was playing with a replica airsoft pistol at a park when someone called 911 to report a person with a gun. The video was released by the Cleveland Police Department, and the incident is well covered with dispatch and 911 audio by News 5 Cleveland: https://www.news5cleveland.com/news/local-news/cleveland-metro/tamir-rice-shooitng-video-warning-cleveland-police-release-surveillance-video LEO Radio is a podcast produced by the J. Harris Academy of Police Training. As always, the items described in this podcast are for information only. Determine how the situation impacts you in your agency and in your state. Follow your state laws, state guidelines, and department policy and address questions to your superiors and legal advisors. The J. Harris Academy provides Law Enforcement Training Services NATIONWIDE. For more information and course registration, visit www.JHarrisTraining.com. Registration for the Use of Force Trilogy can be found here: https://jharristraining.com/product/use-of-force-constitutional-response-to-a-subjects-resistance-one-day-seminar/ Stay safe and subscribe for more!

Can police enter a garage for a DWI investigation? Not in NJ according to State v Mellody. #police

LEO Radio Podcast — Thu, 13 Feb 2025 16:51:37 -0500

Can officers enter an open garage to conduct a DWI investigation? In NJ v Mary Mellody, the courts ruled that the entry was IMPROPER. Join Lt. Joey Sperlazza as he discusses this ruling and teaches our students in the 2025 Legal Update course on why this entry was improper. The full case breakdown for NJ v Mary Mellody is available on our YouTube channel. Register for the 2025 Legal Update Course TODAY at jharristraining.com.

The 6th Amendment and Miranda: Do defendants have to be advised of their charges for an interview?

LEO Radio Podcast — Thu, 30 Jan 2025 17:27:52 -0500

How does the 6th Amendment to the United States Constitution apply to interrogations of criminal suspects? When do the police need to advise a defendant of their charges? Join Instructor Lt. Joey Sperlazza as he breaks down the State of New Jersey v Jorge Ramos-Compres – an Unpublished Appellate Ruling decided January 22, 2025. This case analyzes Miranda through the view of the 6th Amendment and addresses additional well-established principles that we already know from preceding cases. As always, the items described in these cases are for information only. Determine how the situation impacts you in your agency and in your state. Follow your state laws, state guidelines, and department policy and address questions to your superiors and legal advisors. The full ruling can be found here: https://www.njcourts.gov/system/files/court-opinions/2025/a2851-21.pdf Stay safe and subscribe for more! The J. Harris Academy provides Law Enforcement Training Services NATIONWIDE. For more information and course registration, visit www.JHarrisTraining.com

Do the police need to advise Mirada during Booking Questions? – NJ V Ruffin

LEO Radio Podcast — Mon, 20 Jan 2025 17:55:42 -0500

Description: Join instructor Joey Sperlazza as he breaks down NJ v Ruffin decided on 1/7/2025. This is an appellate Unpublished opinion that reaffirms a lot of what we already know about the important topic of Miranda.

Do we need to advise a subject of their Miranda Rights during booking questions?

What do we do if during a formal statement, a defendant says “Well, I want a Lawyer then”?

As always, the items described in these cases are for information only. Determine how the situation impacts you in your agency and in your state. Follow your state laws, state guidelines, and department policy and address questions to your superiors and legal advisors.

Do the police need to advise Mirada during Booking Questions? NJ v Ruffin (2025)

LEO Radio Podcast — Mon, 20 Jan 2025 02:35:18 -0500

Join instructor Joey Sperlazza as he breaks down NJ v Ruffin decided on 1/7/2025. This is an appellate Unpublished opinion that reaffirms a lot of what we already know about the important topic of Miranda. Do we need to advise a subject of their Miranda Rights during booking questions? What do we do if during a formal statement, a defendant says "Well, I want a Lawyer then"? As always, the items described in these cases are for information only. Determine how the situation impacts you in your agency and in your state. Follow your state laws, state guidelines, and department policy and address questions to your superiors and legal advisors.

Cell Phone Search Warrant SUPPRESSED: NJ v Summers

LEO Radio Podcast — Wed, 15 Jan 2025 01:06:39 -0500

The NJ Appellate Division suppressed the results of the search warrant issued in the State of New Jersey v Joseph Summers. This unpublished opinion was decided on December 31, 2024. This case should be compared to NJ v Saal, which we broke down in our Roll Call series on YouTube and Teachable. Links are in our bio, and NJ v Saal can be viewed here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y3YBIVaRkms Our Roll Call Series is offered as a free resource to help educate Law Enforcement Professionals. As always, the items described in these cases are for information only. Determine how the situation impacts you in your agency and in your state. Follow your state laws, state guidelines, and department policy and address questions to your superiors and legal advisors. STAY SAFE AND SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE!

DWIs and Failure to Maintain Lane - NJ v Morton

LEO Radio Podcast — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:15:34 -0500

Join Instructor Joey Sperlazza as he unpacks the stop and subsequent DWI arrest of the defendant in the case State of New Jersey v. Jeffrey T. Morton. Discover how the defense aimed to suppress the stop for Failure to Maintain Lane, referencing State of New Jersey v Kevin Boone (470 NJS 193, July 24, 2024). We previously analyzed State v Kevin Boone in detail on our channel—watch that breakdown here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FsZ8V227VXY These Roll Call Training Videos are available for a FREE Download for training your department at jharriscourses.teachable.com/courses/ STAY SAFE AND SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE BREAKDOWNS AND TRAINING VIDEOS! As always, the items described in these cases are for information only. Determine how the situation impacts you in your agency and in your state. Follow your state laws, state guidelines, and department policy and address questions to your superiors and legal advisors. #LawEnforcementTraining #DWIArrest #LegalEducation

Stop and Frisk in a High Crime Area: NJ v Cutts

LEO Radio Podcast — Tue, 17 Dec 2024 00:57:23 -0500

Detectives assigned to the Narcotics Gang Unit in Camden observe a group engaged in possible narcotics activity in a high crime area. In State v Cutts (NJ Appellate Unpublished Opinion) the court ruled that this was not enough to Stop and Frisk the defendant. Join Instructor Joey Sperlazza and he breaks down the case and addresses key takeaways for law enforcement. STAY SAFE AND SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE! As always, the items described in these cases are for information only. Determine how the situation impacts you in your agency and in your state. Follow your state laws, state guidelines, and department policy and address questions to your superiors and legal advisors.

Cell Phone Search Warrants: NJ v Saal

LEO Radio Podcast — Thu, 12 Dec 2024 19:55:30 -0500

State v Saal discusses the validity of a search warrant of a cell phone. Join Instructor Joey Sperlazza and he discusses the validity of DNA evidence as part of the affidavit and whether the search warrant was overly broad. STAY SAFE AND SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE! As always, the items described in these cases are for information only. Determine how the situation impacts you in your agency and in your state. Follow your state laws, state guidelines, and department policy and address questions to your superiors and legal advisors.

Motor Vehicle Stops, Searches, and Miranda (NJ v Edwards 2024)

LEO Radio Podcast — Sun, 24 Nov 2024 07:29:16 -0500

In NJ v Dale Edwards, the officer searched the vehicle revealing Methamphetamine and a loaded 9mm handgun. The defendant appealed, and the NJ Superior Court (Appellate) examined the facts to examine several legal issues: Was the stop lawful? If so, was the extension of the stop supported by Reasonable Articulable Suspicion? Was there Probable Cause to Search the vehicle? Lastly, should the defendant have been advised of his Miranda Rights and should the statements be suppressed? Join Instructor Joey Sperlazza as he breaks down the court's decision. STAY SAFE AND SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE! As always, the items described in these cases are for information only. Determine how the situation impacts you in your agency and in your state. Follow your state laws, state guidelines, and department policy and address questions to your superiors and legal advisors.

ROLL CALL Training: US V Deandre Jackson & Quintel Martins MV Stop & Search

LEO Radio Podcast — Mon, 18 Nov 2024 06:50:15 -0500

UNITED STATES V DEANDRE JACKSON & QUINTEL MARTINS (Appellants). An officer attempts to stop a vehicle and it takes off on him. He later observes the same vehicle and it attempts to flee again. This time, the vehicle turns into an area that has no outlet. Officers conduct a felony/high risk stop and the investigation leads to an arrest. Was the felony/high risk stop excessive and a violation of the 4th Amendment? See what the courts say in this situation. This is a US District Court of Appeals 3rd Circuit PRECEDENTIAL opinion decided on 11/06/2024. Please join J. Harris Academy of Police Training Instructor Joey Sperlazza as he breaks down key takeaways from this case relating to Motor Vehicle Stops, Motor Vehicle Searches, and Officer Safety Concerns that were addressed by the court to justify the search and arrest of the defendants. To Officer McCauley, Deputy Baker, and all of the officers involved in this case, we applaud the work that you do, and thank you for taking these violent criminals off the street. STAY SAFE AND SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE! As always, the items described in these cases are for information only. Determine how the situation impacts you in your agency and in your state. Follow your state laws, state guidelines, and department policy and address questions to your superiors and legal advisors.

ROLL CALL: State V. Spencer (Miranda)

LEO Radio Podcast — Sun, 25 Aug 2024 22:49:38 -0400

Does appealing to a defendant’s sense of moral and human decency violate the defendant’s constitutional Miranda Rights? Join J. Harris Academy of Police Training Instructor Joey Sperlazza as he discusses key takeaways from State of New Jersey v Merrill C. Spencer; a Superior Court of New Jersey, Appellate Division Unpublished Opinion. Also cited is State v. Erazo, 254 N.J. 277 (2023).

DWI in a Garage? What did the court say? State v Mellody

LEO Radio Podcast — Thu, 01 Aug 2024 14:58:19 -0400

Officers stop a vehicle matching the description of an erratic driver. As the stop is made, the vehicle pulls into the garage of a residence. The officer enters the garage, conducts his investigation, and arrests the driver for DWI. Was the entry into the garage legal? See what the court said in this NJ case.

Citizen Tip leads to gun & drug seizure. Is the stop good? (State v Wilkerson)

LEO Radio Podcast — Tue, 30 Jul 2024 14:23:29 -0400

A citizen tip regarding a man threatening a female with a gun leads police to stop a suspect. During a pat down, officers locate a gun and illegal narcotics. Is the stop good? Will the court allow the gun and drugs to be entered into evidence as part of the case? See what the courts have said regarding this information that all dispatchers and law enforcement officers should know.

NJ v Kevin Boone: Is Crossing the Yellow Line Failure to Maintain Lane?

LEO Radio Podcast — Sat, 27 Jul 2024 00:59:48 -0400

Driving over the painted median on a highway IS NOT ENOUGH to establish failure to maintain a lane in New Jersey. This is specifically addressed in the Appellate Division PUBLISHED Opinion decided on 7/24/2024 in State of New Jersey v. Kevin Boone.

Roll Call: Miranda & Investigative Detention

LEO Radio Podcast — Wed, 10 Jul 2024 15:41:11 -0400

When a subject is in custody and is being interrogated, police MUST read a suspect their Miranda Rights prior to any interrogation - but it is not that straight forward during a street encounter or an investigative detention. The courts will examine a number of factors to determine if a suspect is in custody for the purposes of Miranda. Join J. Harris Academy of Police Training Instructors Lieutenant Joey Sperlazza and Lieutenant Collin Congleton as we discuss this commonly contested topic. Want more Roll Call Training? This video and additional Roll Call videos and topics are available for FREE DOWNLOAD at https://jharriscourses.teachable.com/ Subscribe to our YouTube channel for even more! https://www.youtube.com/@jharrispolicetraining/ If you want to bring your career to the next level, join us for our in-person classes nationwide: https://jharristraining.com/courses-2/

OBSTRUCTION and Running from the Police. When is it a crime?

LEO Radio Podcast — Thu, 04 Jul 2024 11:31:55 -0400

NJ V. Marcus Fletcher - A ruling on obstruction. This is a NJ appellate division unpublished opinion which was decided 6/27/24

Roll Call Training: Prolonging a Stop for a Canine Sniff

LEO Radio Podcast — Tue, 02 Jul 2024 08:27:02 -0400

Officers in NJ make a lawful stop of a motor vehicle. During questioning of the driver, answers aren't matching up to the situation. A canine does a sniff and it turns up guns & drugs. What will the court say about the stop? See in this roll call training brief. State v. Connor-White (NJ decided June 2024)

Police Officers Search a LOCKED glovebox of a vehicle! Is this Legal?

LEO Radio Podcast — Sat, 22 Jun 2024 11:52:46 -0400

This case examines US v. Ross as well as a NEWLY published case out of New Jersey (State v. Wilson 2024). In this case an officer searches the locked glovebox of a lawfully stopped vehicle.

Attenuation Doctrine - State V. Raheem Miller

LEO Radio Podcast — Fri, 31 May 2024 16:26:49 -0400

In this video the defendant challenges a Law Division order denying his motion to suppress the handgun he attempted to discard while grappling with a detective during a stop and frisk. The trial court ruled the investigative detention was not based upon reasonable articulable suspicion and thus was unlawful. However, the trial court also ruled that the search WAS legal under the attenuation exception to the exclusionary rule

STOP & FRISK: NJ Courts Examine Investigative Stops

LEO Radio Podcast — Mon, 27 May 2024 09:29:31 -0400

State v. Cook and State v. Hunt Cops take a look at at group suspected of having a gun. One guy in the group blades himself upon officers walking up and the cop finds a gun. Was the search good based on the tip and based on the blading? See what the courts said.

Can an Officer in NJ run a CCH on a stop? (US v Hunter)

LEO Radio Podcast — Sat, 30 Mar 2024 18:14:57 -0400

A student posed an interesting question to us on how US v Hunter applies to officers in New Jersey - can NJ Officers run a driver's criminal history on a Motor Vehicle stop? Instructor Joey Sperlazza explains how this ruling may affect NJ officers.

Resisting Arrest: Does a Defendant have to know they’re under arrest to be convicted?

LEO Radio Podcast — Thu, 21 Mar 2024 12:01:56 -0400

In this Roll Call Training, we discuss the State of New Jersey v Endy Rolando Cruz Cruz and answer the question, do you need to KNOW you are under arrest to be convicted of Resisting Arrest? State v Cruz Cruz is a NJ Appellate Division Unpublished Opinion decided March 18, 2024.

Police Get Consent to Search a Cell Phone - Does it withstand court scrutiny?

LEO Radio Podcast — Mon, 08 Jan 2024 16:21:17 -0500

Detectives attempt to get consent to search a cell phone and explain that if consent it not given, it will be seized. Consent was given and evidence of a homicide was discovered. Is this coercion? See what the court said.

Can an Officer run a driver's Criminal History? US v Hunter Full Case Breakdown

LEO Radio Podcast — Wed, 20 Dec 2023 08:57:30 -0500

Can an officer conduct a "routine" criminal history check during a motor vehicle stop or is this a violation of civil rights? See what the courts said in this overview of US v. Hunter (2023).

Episode 23: Leadership Series Part 2

LEO Radio Podcast — Sat, 25 Nov 2023 07:48:58 -0500

PART 2 CONTINUES on with the leadership lessons we learn through personal development. In this episode, our instructor team continues with a review of “Extreme Ownership”. For more information about our Command Series of leadership courses, visit our website at www.jharristraining.com

Extreme Ownership: How U.S. Navy SEALs Lead and Win

Author(s): Jocko Willink; Leif Babin
Publisher: St. Martin’s Press (Macmillan US Trade)
Print ISBN: 9781250183866, 1250183863 / Print ISBN 9781250183866, 1250183863
eText ISBN: 9781250184726, 125018472X

LEO Radio #23: Extreme Ownership – The Leadership Series Part 1

LEO Radio Podcast — Sun, 05 Nov 2023 06:41:27 -0500

Leadership is a critical aspect of success in any organization. When we recently read “Extreme Ownership”, we recognized that we are reviewing many of these common leadership concepts in our classes. This book reinforced our thoughts and theory on the practical application of leadership in law enforcement. Based on this, we decided to start our ‘leadership series’. In Part 1, we review the first two chapters of this book and how it relates to the concepts we share with others in our classes. For more information about our Command Series of leadership courses, visit our website at www.jharristraining.com

Extreme Ownership: How U.S. Navy SEALs Lead and Win

Author(s): Jocko Willink; Leif Babin
Publisher: St. Martin’s Press (Macmillan US Trade)
Print ISBN: 9781250183866, 1250183863 / Print ISBN 9781250183866, 1250183863
eText ISBN: 9781250184726, 125018472X

Episode 20: State v. Maclean

LEO Radio Podcast — Sat, 23 Sep 2023 09:13:52 -0400

This podcast examines a recent “unpublished” case out of New Jersey regarding the questioning of a suspect and Miranda. Although this is out of New Jersey, we discuss the US Supreme Court Case regarding Edwards and the “Edwards Bright Line Rule” for questioning a suspect.

Edwards v. Arizona, 451 U.S. 477
State v. McLean, 205 N.J. 438, 16 A.3d 332 (N.J. 2011)

LEO Radio #20: Did the police violate the defendant's Miranda Rights by continuing questioning?

LEO Radio Podcast — Fri, 22 Sep 2023 16:44:17 -0400

In State v. McClean, Docket No. A-0520-19 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. Sept. 18, 2023), the New Jersey Appellate Division addressed issues related to Miranda rights. The case involved defendant Carlos McClean, who appealed his conviction on the grounds that his Miranda rights were violated during police interrogation. During the interview, the suspect requests an attorney. The investigators tell him they will stop the interview and start discussing administrative items they will now do. The defendant changes his mind during that time and talks to them. Is this a violation of Miranda? The court examined whether McClean's statements to law enforcement were obtained in compliance with Miranda requirements and ultimately upheld the trial court's decision, finding no violation of his rights.

Episode 16: Tampa Chief Controversy

LEO Radio Podcast — Tue, 06 Dec 2022 15:07:29 -0500

A recent off-duty situation regarding a police chief stirs up controversy. Officers being stopped are now questioning if they should or shouldn’t identify themselves. Officers utilizing discretion when dealing with officers are second-guessing if their agency will back them up when they let an officer go for a minor violation. This podcast will address the issue and discuss these items.

Resources:

https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/05/us/tampa-police-chief-mary-oconnor-resigns/index.html
https://www.foxnews.com/us/tampa-police-chief-mary-oconnor-resigns-video-shows-lashing-badge-during-traffic-stop

Episode 15: Did the Cops Need to Given Miranda?

LEO Radio Podcast — Fri, 25 Nov 2022 13:59:43 -0500

Miranda Warnings seem basic. They are stated loud and clear in TV shows and movies. However, the waters are getting muddy with when and how they should be provided to suspects. Recent case law decisions out of New Jersey clarified some issues with regard to what the court will be reviewing when you are dealing with Miranda and your case. Although these cases stem from New Jersey, they do provide some ‘best practices’ to think of around the country when conducting your investigations.

Episode 14: The Toxic Employee

LEO Radio Podcast — Fri, 11 Nov 2022 10:25:51 -0500

In this episode, J. Harris Instructors hit upon a common area that is brought up in our open discussion forums of our Command Series Courses. The Toxic employee is a cancer to the organization. They believe they are better than others and superior to their supervisors. This episode discusses those issues and tactics to deal with them or minimize their impact on the team.

Episode 9: Merit Promotions

LEO Radio Podcast — Thu, 29 Jul 2021 12:47:00 -0400

Merit Promotions and Chicago PD's revitalization bringing the discussion to the forefront of debate.